Sunday, April 12, 2026

THEOLOGY FROM BELOW: WHEN THE MARGIN REGENERATES THE CENTER

 




 

Paolo Cugini

 

The proposal for a theology from below does not arise from a desire for rupture, but from an urgent need for fidelity. If Truth is not an archaeological find to be kept in a shrine, but the living Person of Christ, then theological reflection must accept the very movement of the Incarnation: a God who dispossesses the center to become the periphery.

Power, even when inspired by the best religious intentions, inevitably creates blind spots. Institutional structures tend toward stability, codification, and uniformity; processes necessary for survival, but which often end up numbing the ability to listen. The margins, inhabited by the poor, the excluded, and restless seekers who find no home in pre-established languages, offer tradition the "glasses" needed to see what the center has ceased to perceive. They are not a threat to order, but a critical resource: they point to where the flesh suffers and where questions of meaning today are most acute. A theology that ignores the margins ends up speaking only to itself.

In the Gospel, the Kingdom of God does not radiate outward from a temple or a palace. On the contrary, it blossoms precisely in the gap. To affirm that the periphery is the center is not a sociological paradox, but a fundamental theological fact: in the Incarnation, in fact, the Mystery did not choose the magnificence of Rome or the ritual purity of the Temple, but a manger and a cross outside the walls. An integral theology ceases to be a science from above, seeking to be heard. It becomes a more humble discipline and, paradoxically, more authoritative because more human.

Dissent or the push for change is often mistaken for an attack on faith. On the contrary, challenging tradition to enable it to integrate the diversity of human experiences is an act of extreme love. We love the Church not when we mummify her, but when we desire her to remain alive. As Pope Francis has often emphasized, the risk is that of becoming a "museum piece," beautiful but cold. The goal of integral theology is instead to foster a "field hospital," where truth is sought in encounters, in the wounds of others, and in the symphony of voices that make up the people of God.

The integration proposed by theology from below does not mean syncretism, but harmonious pluralism. An integral theology is capable of recognizing the seeds of the Word wherever they manifest; integrating the demands of social justice with metaphysical speculation; abandoning the obsession with control in favor of an open "spiritual conversation." This is our path, which requires a willingness to renew ourselves and the ability to see the new things the Spirit is inspiring.

 

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